Instabilities, Waves and Turbulence
Natural and industrial flows, in geophysics, aeronautics or process engineering, are complex, unsteady, sometimes multiphase, and most often turbulent. Understanding and modeling these flows is a real challenge for both fundamental and practical reasons.
On a global scale, atmospheric and oceanic flows are subject to stratification and background rotation effects. These lead to the generation of internal waves, which have a profound influence on the flow dynamics, such as the emergence of eddies or coherent jets that can influence the mixing properties (heat, pollutants ...)
On a smaller scale, flows with interfaces (either between two liquids or between a liquid and a gas) provide other examples of such complex flows. The formation of ocean waves illustrates the wide range of open issues, from the origin of the first ripples generated by wind to their amplification to the mechanism of saturation and dissipation by wave breaking. Other examples are the coiling instability of "liquid ropes" that fall on a surface and the surprising morphology of the "liquid curtains" that form at the exit of a horizontal pipe.
In this research group, we develop model experiments in simple and controlled configurations that aim to reproduce these complex flows from the first stages of instability to fully turbulent situations.
Torricelli's curtain: Morphology of laminar jets under gravity
While the form of a fluid jet issuing horizontally from an orifice
was first studied by Torricelli (1643), this classic problem in fluid
mechanics still holds surprises. When a laminar jet issues from the
end of a pipe, it divides into primary and secondary
jets with a thin vertical curtain of fluid connecting them.
We are currently using laboratory experiments and numerical
simulations to study this unexpected behavior.
Read more 
Wind waves generation
How does wind create waves? This seemingly simple question has been the starting point of numerous theoretical, numerical, and experimental works of research. We approach this problem with a new experiment allowing to detect the very first deformations at the surface of a viscous fluid with an accuracy of a few microns.
Read more
Wake of inertial waves in a rotating fluid
A remarkable property of rapidly rotating flows is their tendency to become
two-dimensional: a slowly moving object moves along with a fluid column,
called a Taylor column, aligned with the axis of rotation.
But when the velocity increases, the object can emit a wake of inertial waves,
similar to a boat emitting a wake of surface waves. We made precise
measurements of this particular wake on the rotating platform Gyroflow,
and obtained an excellent agreement with a theory based on a slender body
approximation.
Read more
Strange rotation in an orbitally shaken glass of beer
Swirling a glass of wine induces a rotating gravity wave along with a mean flow rotating in the direction of the applied swirl. Surprisingly, when the liquid is covered by a floating cohesive material, for instance a thin layer of foam in a glass of beer, the mean rotation at the surface can reverse. This intriguing counter-rotation can also be observed with coffee cream, tea scum, cohesive powder, provided that the wave amplitude is small and the surface covering fraction is large..
Read more
See the movie on Youtube !
Liquid rope coiling
If you like honey on your toast at breakfast, you are ready to perform a simple and beautiful fluid mechanics experiment. Plunge a spoon into the honey jar, and then hold it vertically several inches above the toast. The falling honey builds a whirling corkscrew-shaped structure - a phenomenon called "liquid rope coiling".
Kelvin wake or Mach cone?
The angle of the wake behind a duck or a ship is always 39 degrees,
independent of its velocity: this is the classical Kelvin wake.
But is this really the case?
A detailed analysis of a set of airborne images of ship wakes
from Google Earth shows that the wake angle rather follows a
law analogous to the Mach cone for supersonic airplanes. Why?
Read more
Turbulence under rotation
Together with the effects of fluid stratification, the two-dimensional structuration of a turbulent flow by the Coriolis force
is a key mechanism for the understanding of geophysical flows (ocean, atmosphere, rotating stars etc.).
The Gyroflow rotating platform is an experimental tool for the study of
the fundamental processes emerging from the interaction between global rotation and fluid dynamics.
It is first of all dedicated to the study of turbulence under rotation.
Read more
Lift Crisis
After the pioneering work of G. Eiffel (1912) the « Drag crisis » is now a well known phenomena of fluid mechanics for a bluff body moving at large velocity. During this crisis the drag force becomes, surprisingly, a decreasing function of the relative velocity. We have shown that at the drag crisis, non-up/down symmetrical bodies can also experience a strong "lift crisis", i.e. a sharp transition or even an inversion in their lift force.
| 
Version française